tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78152819444330321522011-11-28T04:56:44.496+05:30Here You will find useful knowledge about Mechanical Engineering.MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.comBlogger1081100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-33555046189317274172009-06-24T22:12:00.004+05:302011-01-24T14:35:40.095+05:30

Steam engines are used very widely in engineering up to 1930 for generation of power but after it are replaced by internal combustion engine. Diesel engine, petrol engine are the common example of internal combustion engine. Steam engines are widely used on ships in old days at present they are replaced by diesel engines. To disclose some more important information about this old machine, I am

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When any liquid is heated at constant temperature, it starts changing in vapour condition. A vapour is a mixture of gas and liquid particles in suspension and it can be liquefied by moderate changes of pressure or temperature. The process of vapour formation from liquid state has some definite characteristics to follow in steam engine,Characteristics of Steam formation.01) The heat supplied

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In thermal engineering, State means the exact condition of a substance and the variables which determine the state are known as properties. These properties are sub-divided into principal properties and fundamental properties. Fundamental properties are,01) Pressure02) Volume03) TemperatureAbove properties are also known as basic properties as they may be found out by direct observation or simple

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For power generation through steam turbine or steam engine, steam is required. Steam is also required for industrial process work, hot water supply and heating installations etc. This steam is produced with the help of utility called boiler.A boiler is a closed vessel where combustion of fuel produces heat to convert water into steam at the desired temperature and pressure.For the safe operation

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For greater efficiency and less space per horse power, high pressure steam is used in steam engine. Now with the use of this high pressure steam the range of expansion is correspondingly increased. If full expansion is takes place in single cylinder the walls of the cylinder to be made very thick to withstand the high pressure and also required a heavy flywheel. All this made a simple steam

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According to expansion of steam, the engines are classified as simple steam engine, compound or multi expansion steam engines, out of this; compound steam engines have more advantages than simple steam engine. The main advantages are as listed below,01) Light weight cylinders are required in compound steam engine. The cylinder in simple steam engine is required to make strong and large enough to

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In old days reciprocating steam engines are used to convert heat energy into mechanical energy. Now a day’s steam turbine or internal combustion engines are used for the same work. But steam engine has many specialized applications. These steam engines can be classified according to its construction and operating features. Detail classification is covered as below.A) Position of Cylinder: -

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To reduce the frictional losses between metal to metal rubbing or sliding parts, lubrication is required. Below are the some essential qualities of a good engineering lubricant.01) Viscosity: - When any lubricant offered resistance to the deforming forces, it is called viscosity of the lubricant. Good quality lubrication oil must maintain sufficient viscosity at higher temperatures and it should

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The performance of air compressor is mostly depending upon the condition of suction and discharge valves. These valves are very important part in any reciprocating air compressor and engineering field. That’s why due care must be required. Every valve requires a periodic inspection and maintenance. Here you will find, important information about suction and discharge valves used in Chicago

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Below points are most essentials in air compressor engineering.01) Be certain leveling screw in frame base has been backed off, and foundation bolts are tightened properly.02) Clean off all accumulated dirt from exterior of compressor and electric motor.03) Remove covers, tapes, wrapping from openings, which had been blanked and sealed.04) Open frame top cover and check all connecting rods, bolts

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When we are going to design the combustion chamber of diesel engines the main consideration we have to keep in mind is, high compression ratio & sufficient turbulence of air. For high compression ratios overhead valve s are more preferred than side valves. Below are the some shapes of combustion chambers discussed.01) Open or Direct Injection ChamberFor moderate & low speed engines this type of

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The term "Governing" means the action of varying the fuel supply in accordance with the load demand so that the engine runs at practically constant speed. Below are the some important methods of governing of internal combustion engines.01) Hit & Miss Governing-This method is suitable for small gas engines. In this, the rotational motion of the cam actuates the rocker through the roller. The

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When sudden and violent knock are experienced in petrol engine, these knocks are termed as "Detonation". Just like petrol engines, a high-pressure wave set up in compression ignition engine (Diesel Engine) and this wave strikes the cylinder wall, cylinder head and piston resulting in knock. These knocks are known as "Diesel Knock".There is power and efficiency loss along with rough running of

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For the better knowledge of internal combustion engine every one must know about the following terms,01) Carburetion: -The process of breaking up the fuel into minute particles and mixing it with air is called "Carburetion". This process is mostly used in the internal combustion engine, which have low compression ratio and which use highly volatile liquid fuels such as petrol. The process of

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Various strokes are performed in internal combustion engine to get work done up to our requirement. To complete suction and exhaust stroke, there are some valves used which are known as suction valve and exhaust valve. Suction valve allow the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder, where it is compressed and burnt by other parts. Due to combustion process large heat is developed and

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In an internal combustion engine cylinder sometime sudden and violent knocks are experienced, this is known as "Detonation". This knock is set up by a high pressure wave giving loud pulsating noise as it strikes against cylinder walls, cylinder head and piston.A mild detonation will simply heat the engine but if the detonation is severe, it may even result in fracture of the piston or other

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Internal combustion Engine can be cooled by air-cooling or water-cooling method. Various Water Cooling Methods Of I.C.Engine is covered in earlier post, which you can refer to know in details. Impeller Thermosyphon system has required following components to perform the cooling action.01) Radiator:-The function of the radiator is to cool down the hot water from engine. It consists of a large

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To pass some of the heat generated due to combustion in the cylinder of internal combustion engine, air-cooling or water-cooling methods are used. The Details about air-cooling were covered in previous post (Air Cooling Of Internal Combustion Engine.). In this post you will find some more methods of water-cooling.In water-cooling method, the advantage of superior convective and conductive

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When the combustion of fuel takes place in cylinder of internal combustion engine, a very high temperature is developed. It is, therefore necessary to extract some of the heat from cylinder to atmosphere. It will avoid damage to the cylinder and piston. Heat also burns lubrication oil and form carbon. There is possibility of seizure of piston inside the cylinder, which will lead to more break

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The heat is generated in engine due to combustion of air-fuel mixture that is why the Necessity Of Cooling In Internal Combustion Engine is required.This is done by air or water.Each cooling system has its own advantages and disadvantages,the most common defects occurring in water cooling system are,01) Loss Of Coolant:-Water leakage and water evaporation is the main cause of water loss from the

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To get the work done from internal combustion engine,we have to burn air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder.When the combustion of air-fuel mixture takes place in the engine cylinder,a temperature as high as 2500 degree centigrade is reached.To withstand such a high temperature we have to use very high melting point material for construction of engine.Practically it is less possible because,"

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To ignite the mixture of air-petrol inside the engine cylinder,a spark plug is used.A spark plug which is screwed into the cylinder head is usually designed to withstand a pressure about 35 kilogram per centimeter square and operate under 10000 to 30000 volts.Construction Of Spark Plug:-The core insulating assembly is housed in the steel shell assembly.The lower threaded portion of the shell

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All Petrol Engine used electric spark ignition.The compressed air-petrol mixture in a petrol engine must be fired at the correct instant so that the resulting rise in pressure acts on the piston when it is at top dead centre.A high voltage is required to jump the gap of a spark plug and give a spark of sufficient energy to ignite the mixture.As the speed of a spark ignition engine increases,it is

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For the combustion of fresh charge of mixture it must be burn in engine cylinder.This is done with the help of spark plug.A spark is produced in spark plug by ignition system.The details about various ignition system will be covered in this post.01) Coil Ignition System:-This ignition system consists of a 6 or 12 volt battery,resistance,ignition switch,ammeter,high tension coil,contact breaker,

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It is most important to perform the engine as per our requirement.The performance of engine depends on mean effective pressure and rotational speed.Since mean effective pressure is limited by fuel and strength of materials,the only way to have higher performance is to have higher rotational speed.In high performance engines it is usual to open the valves earlier and close them later so that the

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Below are the some faults which may occur in any diesel engine.The rectification are also given below suggested go through it for better performance of engine.01) Engine Will Not Start:-A) Fuel-have at least six inches high in the tank and insure that the air breather is open to avoid air-lock.B) Engine too cool.Try to warm the engine or wait for improvement in weather conditions.C) Dirty fuel

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In petrol engine various strokes are performed to obtained the results from engine.By denoting the corresponding position of the piston attached to the crankshaftat which these strokes occurs,we can draw the exact moment in the sequence of events at which the valves are open and close.The graphical diagrams are known as valve timing diagram.The valve timing are modified to set better charging and

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For smooth running of diesel engine every care must be taken right from fuel supply to maintenance of parts.The running life of engine is mostly depend up on the quality of fuel and lubrication .To obtain required quality of fuel some filters are used in diesel engine.The detail description is as below.Dirt is dangerous for engine parts.it can be enter in the engine during suction stroke along

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The purpose of fuel atomiser in diesel engine is to atomise or break the fuel oil into fine particles and to direct the spray into the combustion chamber so that every fuel particle mixes with the air.This purpose is some what like carburettor used in petrol engine,where petrol is break in fine particle and mixes with air.The fuel atomiser have following important parts,01)Passage02)Nozzle

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This is another important part of fuel injection pump system in diesel engine.It is used in the individual system of a solid injection and consist of a plunger driven by a cam and tappet mechanism at the bottom.The plunger reciprocates in the barrel.The quantity of plunger varies with the number of cylinder in the engine.The plunger has a rectangular vertical groove which extends from the top to

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In my previous post, "How Fuel Is Supplied In Diesel Engine? " you can find brief description about fuel supply methods.In this post,I will cover the important components of fuel injection system of diesel engine.The fuel injection system has contains following important components,01)Fuel feed Pump02)Fuel Injection pump03)Fuel Atomiser and nozzles04)Fuel FiltersOut of above parts,you will come

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You know from my previous posts that,in a petrol engine ,a carburettor is used to mix air and fuel in the required ratio and this mixture is drawn into the engine cylinder by suction stroke.But in Diesel Engine,which is working on constant pressure cycle,the fuel has to be supplied when the air inside the cylinder is compressed to a very high pressure.Therefore the fuel must be injected at a high

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A carburettor is a device used in petrol or similar liquid fuel engines by means of which the fuel mixed with air,is supplied into the induction manifold of the engine.The main object of the carburettor is to supply the required quantity of fuel and Air mixture of the correct strength as dedicated by the load condition of the engine.There are three important types of carburettor available in

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In old days,Fiat cars are most popular brand in India due to its very easy start in cold conditions.This easy start is obtained by Solex Craburettor which is a down draft type carburettor and has special provisions to supply,richer mixture at starting of engine and weaken it gradually till the engine reaches its normal running speed.Solex carburettor are available in many design and all have

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A carburettor is a device used in petrol or similar liquid fuel engines by means of which the fuel mixed with Air ,is supplied into the induction manifold of the engine .The main object of the carburettor is to supply the required quantity of fuel and air mixture of the correct strength as dedicated by the load condition of the engine.For this purpose different types of carburettors are available

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When engines are run for automotive purpose,a simple carburettor can't supply the correct air-fuel mixture for all conditions of speeds and loads at which engine required to run.To correct mixture strength according to demand of engine,some compensation methods are used in carburettor for providing additional fuel or reducing the fuel.Following are the compensation methods adopted in simple

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Internal combustion engines are made from various parts.Each part has its own location and function for proper working of engine.Some important parts and its function is as described below.01) Cylinder Block:-Function- In the bore of cylinder the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture is ignited,compressed by piston and expanded to give power to piston.02) Cylinder Head:-Function-It carries inlet and

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This is most important to supply proper air-fuel ratio in inlet manifold of the internal combustion engine.The process of breaking up the fuel into minute particles and mixing it with air is known as carburation.As internal combustion engine have very low compression ratio and which use highly volatile liquid fuel such as petrol,paraffin etc.,the carburation process is must required.In

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In internal combustion engine,atmospheric air is essentially required to burn the fuel.The Oxygen in air,helps for proper burning of fuel.To obtain excellent combustion result from fuel,the air and the fuel must be mixed in proper ratio.For complete combustion,the air-fuel ratio is approximately 15 : 1 by weight.This ratio is known as Chemically correct air-fuel ratio.This ideal ration in any

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An internal combustion engine is operated by liquid or gaseous fuel.Actually gaseous fuel is most useful due to high octane rating,less deposit trouble and clean operation but the use of this type of fuel is mostly restricted to those areas where gas is available.It is also quite difficult to carry gas for automobile purpose.However in many metro cities compressed natural gas (CNG) is available

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In four stroke internal combustion engine,the "Poppet Valve" performed the opening of the cylinder to inlet or exhaust manifold at the correct moment.Generally the face of valve is ground at 45 degree but in same cases it is ground at 30 degree also.It is not important to have a same angle of face in inlet and exhaust valve of same engines.To make it in right order,the valve may be reground after

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In every internal combustion engine,there are various parts,connected to each other.To convert reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion of crankshaft,we have to connect,piston to crankshaft with the help of connecting rod and gudgeon pin.Below you will find details about these two parts.01) Connecting Rod:-The load on the piston due to combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is

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You may know,in order to reduce wear and increase the life of piston grooves in high speed engines,a ferrous metal rings are inserted into the grooves.Below,you will find detail description of piston ring used in Internal Combustion Engine.This information is useful and valuable for every mechanical or automobile engineer or automobile owner.The piston rings,which are also called as compression

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In every engine piston plays an important role in working and producing results.Piston forms a guide and bearing for the small end of connecting rod and also transmits the force of explosion in the cylinder,to the crank shaft through connecting rod.Construction Of Piston:-Its top known by many names such as crown,head or ceiling and thicker than bottom portion.Bottom portion is known as

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In mechanical or automobile field petrol engine or diesel engine is used for any particular job.So,it is most important to know which type of engine is most suitable for selection.For the proper selection of engine,we must compare these engines with each other.By this way we come to know the advantages and disadvantages of particular engine.Here i am comparing petrol engine and diesel engine

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-4206652611924411782008-12-13T13:41:00.003+05:302011-01-24T14:30:10.604+05:30

Many of us uses motor bike or car for travelling purpose.How much you know about the engine and how it works? I bet,most people don't know anything about this.Those who are in mechanical field,must be familiar about working principle of two stroke or four cycle engine but common person don't.That is why I am giving here,the advantages and disadvantages of two stroke cycle engine over four stroke

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-31197077981658551272008-12-08T06:13:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:13:16.235+05:30

If the burnt exhaust gases,in an Internal Combustion Engine(whether it works on spark ignition or compression ignition principle),are made to remain inside the cylinder.These burnt gases,would mix up with the fresh incoming charge thus diluting latter and reducing its strength.The process of removing burnt exhaust gases from the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder is known as Scavenging.In

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-80130125419929548482008-12-04T17:26:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:13:46.904+05:30

In four stroke cycle engine,there is only one working stroke in each cycle.It means,two revolutions of crank-shaft are required to produce work in each cycle.The desire to have one working stroke per cylinder for every revolution of the crank-shaft has led to development of two stroke cycle engines.In 1838,Barnett an Englishman describe the mechanism for supplying a charge to the cylinder by

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-45457055735137228602008-12-01T06:24:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:14:22.057+05:30

There are different types cycles in thermodynamics.Such as Otto cycle,Carnot vapour cycle,Diesel cycle etc.Out of that cycle diesel engine works on diesel cycle.This cycle is also known as constant pressure cycle.Diesel engine is mostly employed in Stationary Power plants,Ships,Heavy Motor Vehicles.In Petrol Engine,the air-fuel mixture after being compressed in the engine cylinder to a high

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-61321504653630946142008-11-18T16:30:00.005+05:302011-01-24T15:15:02.535+05:30

In this universe energy is available in various forms.A Branch of Science which deals with energy in all its forms and the laws governing the transformation of energy from one form to another is known as "Thermodynamics".Energy is available in the form of Mechanical,Thermal,Chemical Or Electrical etc...Thermodynamics covers a very broad field and is a base to many branches of Natural Science,

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Many of us may know about two stroke or four stroke engine.Those who are from mechanical or automobile field must have to familiar with this term.Actually two stroke or four stroke is the cycle of any reciprocating engine.When only two stroke required to complete the reciprocating engine cycle then that engine is known as two stroke engine,and when four stroke required to complete the cycle then

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-73649750081673527102008-08-14T05:54:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:16:30.911+05:30

In engineering, Constant Pressure Gas Turbine Plants are subclassified as open cycle and closed cycle plant.There are some main advantages of Closed Cycle Gas Turbine,which is as below.1)For a given output the size of the Compressor and the Turbine are very small.This is all happened due to Low Specific Volume of Air which enters into Compressor,as Air is precooled in Precooler.Also the Pressure

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-15146228548577020972008-08-13T08:33:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:17:05.272+05:30

The compression of Air can be done by two stages in Air compressor.In this process,the Temperature of Air increases in Low Pressure Compressor.An Intercooler is employed when High Pressure ratios are involved,to cool the air from Low Pressure Compressor before entry into the High Pressure Compressor.The Effect of Intercooling will shown by reducing the overall Horse Power required for

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-85626397919018779512008-08-12T13:07:00.002+05:302011-01-24T15:18:06.676+05:30

In engineering, Gas Turbine can be divided into two main types.01)Constant Volume or Explosive Type.02)Constant pressure or Continuous Combustion Type.The Constant Volume Type Turbine works on the Atkinson Cycle.It has become now outdated and has been superseded by the Constant Pressure Type Gas Turbine.The details about,is as below.The Combustion of Fuel takes place continuously that is why it

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-36489500013071634802008-07-29T08:09:00.005+05:302011-01-24T15:18:41.929+05:30

Gas Turbine is used in Power Plant for driving the Generator,by which we can produce Electricity with other arrangements.Compressed Air plays the vital role in every Gas Turbine Plant.This Compressed Air is obtained from Air Compressor.Usually Rotary Air Compressor are used with a Gas Turbine.Mostly Centrifugal Compressors or Axial Compressors are used.Now we will see the details of each Air

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-3871622877081515482008-07-27T14:17:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:19:17.054+05:30

Turbines are used to generate Power,this Power can be generated by Gas turbine or Steam turbine.The basic working principle of Gas Turbine is nearly same as the working principle of Internal Combustion Reciprocating Engine.The Fuel used for Combustion in Gas Turbine Plant may be Oil,Coal,Procedure Gas etc.In Steam Turbine,the Heat Energy contained in the Steam is first employed to set the Steam

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-89257099251873693352008-07-16T10:30:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:19:48.680+05:30

Gas Turbine and Internal Combustion Engines,both are used to produce Power for operations of other Machines.Below are some points,which shows that the Gas Turbine is better in performance and use,than Internal Combustion Engine.01)In winter nights,specially in cold regions,some provision has to be made to prevent Freezing in Internal Combustion Engines using Water Cooling when the Temperature of

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-13904620868138732992008-07-15T08:32:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:20:52.530+05:30

In Gas Tubine engineering, different types of Fuels can be used to perform its operations.The Coal may also be used as a Fuel in Gas Turbine plant.But it may contain asmuch as 20% of its Weight of dirt in the form of Ash.In case the Ash Particles are allowed to pass through the Turbine the later's Bldes are likely to be blocked and even damaged.Experiments with some success have already been

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-35275091262922023442008-07-14T18:16:00.002+05:302011-01-24T15:22:00.732+05:30

The Turbine is a Prime Mover in which a Rotary Motion is obtained by Centrifugal Force brought into action by changing the Direction of Jet of a Fluid escaping from a Nozzle at High Velocity.This Turbines are classified by several ways.The most important and common division being with respect to the action of the Steam and they are as,01)Impulse Turbine02)Reaction Turbine03)Combination of Impuse

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-15930842195312368892008-07-11T08:34:00.002+05:302008-07-11T08:37:49.176+05:30

The Pump which raises Water from Lower Level to Higher Level by the Reciprocating Action of Piston inside the Cylinder is known as Reciprocating Pump.A Reciprocating Pump,in its simplest form,consists of the following parts,01)A Cylinder in which Piston works.The movement of Piston is obtained by a Connecting Rod,which connects the Piston and the Rotating Crank.02)A Suction Pipe,connecting the

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-10139835852283143982008-07-10T07:21:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:23:51.080+05:30

The Pump,which raises Water or a Liquid,from Lower Level to Higher Level by the Action of Centrifugal Force,is known as Centrifugal Pump.This is the Machine which converts Mechanical Energy into Pressure Energy.The Action of Centrifugal Pump is that of a Reversed Reaction Turbine.In Centrifugal Pump,the Water enters the Impeller Radially and leaves the Vanes Axially.The successful working of

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-19663954653511622008-07-09T16:27:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:24:47.371+05:30

Many of us know that Crane is a Device which is used to lift the Heavy Loads for transferring or shifting purpose.These Cranes have different types of Working Priniciple and Driving Media.You can operate Crane by Electric Power or by Water also.Electric Driven Cranes are used in Engineering Manufacturing Plants where as Hydraulic Cranes are widely used on Dock Siding,Warehouse or Big Workshops.In

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-44547233425126896942008-07-06T08:43:00.008+05:302011-01-24T15:25:32.509+05:30

The Cast Iron is obtained by re-melting Pig Iron with Coke and Limestone in Cupola Furnace.It is primarily an Alloy of Iron and Carbon.The Carbon contents in Cast Iron varies from 1.7 to 4.5 %.It also contains small amounts of Silicon,Manganese,Phosphors and Sulphur.The Carbon in a Cast Iron is present either of following forms,01)Free Carbon or Graphite.02)Combined Carbon.We can not use Cast

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-51156081279177048342008-07-05T12:49:00.007+05:302011-01-24T15:26:20.079+05:30

The Mechanical Properties of the Metals are those which are associated with the ability of the Material to Resist Mechanical Forces and Load.Following are the Important Mechanical Properties of the Metal.01)Strength:-The Internal Resistance offered by a part to an externally applied Force is called as Stress.It is the ability of a Material to resist the externally applied Forces with Breakdown or

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01)Type of Load and Stresses caused by the Load:-The load on the Machine Component,may act in several ways due to which the Internal Stresses are set up.02)Motion of Parts:-The successful operation of any Machine depends largely upon the simplest arrangements of the Parts,which will give the required motion.The Motion of the Part may beA)Rectilinear Motion,which includes Unidirectional and

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-73596396418741453782008-07-03T12:30:00.005+05:302011-01-24T15:27:56.909+05:30

In Designing a machine component,there is no rigid rule.The problem may be attempted in several ways.Every machine design engineer tried at his levelbest to overcome the possible problems,but machine designing is a continious process.However,the general procedure to solve a design problem is as follows.01)First of all make a complete statement of the problem,indicating the purpose for which the

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-13638475736227753882008-07-02T08:44:00.004+05:302011-01-24T15:28:34.554+05:30

Some faults are already covered in Part-A.In this post remaining faults about Automatic Starter will be disclosed.In Air Compressor,accessories are very important to keep the machine in running condition.Automatic Starters (Contactor type) are mainly used to start Electric Motor so the Air Compressor coupled to that motor can be started.Lets see remaining problems,its reason and rectification of

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-8159500854311151832008-07-01T07:03:00.006+05:302011-01-24T15:29:09.868+05:30

In any Air Compressor unit,Electric Motor is the most important accessory to drive the air compressor.To start and run the electric motor starters are used you will find more details from electrical engineering books.These starters are mainly of two types one is Automatic type and another is Manual operated starter.Automatic Starters are Contactor type and mostly used in all AirCompressor units

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-44544935838799462722008-06-30T14:25:00.004+05:302011-01-24T15:29:43.179+05:30

As you know,Air compressor is used to increase the air pressure by reducing its volume.Every compressor has to discharge some specific pressure so we can use this utility to operate pneumatic tools etc.Basically electro-pneumatic control is a part of instrument engineering.To control discharge air pressure of Air Compressor,some controlling devices as like M-type unloader,W-type unloader etc.are

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-79065761849660478942008-06-30T09:49:00.004+05:302011-01-24T15:30:24.087+05:30

It is very important that the air compressor should run in good working condition to deliver best result,for this we have to take care of this important utility. This is the most important machine in engineering plant.As I said earlier,we can not keep one operator for full time near to compressor & keep watching performance .That is why it is necessary to provide some safety switches in control

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-4711709287406690722008-06-29T06:40:00.004+05:302011-01-24T15:30:53.474+05:30

It is most important to prevent your Air Compressor from any breakdown,because breakdown not only increase maintenance cost but also suffers your production.You have to bear production loss due to breakdown of machine and engineeering troubles.Many safety switches as like LOPS,LCWPS,HDATS etc. are installed for safety of compressor.I have written on LOPS in last post.High Discharge Air

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-73952603145974585382008-06-28T08:57:00.004+05:302011-01-24T15:31:25.507+05:30

Solenoid valve is integral part of Electro-Pneumatic Control system of engineering.This valve will control the supply of air to inlet or suction valve in load/unload operation of reciprocating air compressor .Different types of solenoid valves are available in market.In Air Compressor Technology Normally open (N/O) or Normally Close (N/C) type solenoid valve are used to perform loading/unloading

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-50495697069815187882008-06-27T15:04:00.004+05:302011-01-24T15:31:57.565+05:30

Overload Relays are used to protect Electric Motor from failure due to high current drawn by motor.Electric motor has 33% of it's cost in total Air Compressor unit,so it is our duty to protect Electric Motor from any type of failure.Overload Relays are the only solution to protect motor from high current.Overload Relays are generally of two types one is "Electro-magnetic" and another is "Thermal"

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-2953950708212287232008-06-26T19:21:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:32:37.789+05:30

Air compressor are driven by electric motor and these motors are started by different types of starters according to the requirement.These starters may be fully automatic with push button to operate or totally manual type,as per the design of the manufacturer and the choice of the customer.Here I will write about automatically operated and manually operated starters which are most important part

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-1736183790487305162008-06-25T07:55:00.005+05:302011-01-24T15:33:09.751+05:30

Mostly Air Compressors are driven by electric motor.This is the cheap option available comparing with other options such as diesel generator etc.The operating cost of any air compressor can be reduced by using electric motor as a driving media.This is true when your electric motor runs very smoothly.But think,if your electric motor failed to start due to burning of motor winding or failure of

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-30579606435360635552008-06-24T08:31:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:34:07.255+05:30

Air compressor is the utility which consumes maximum electric power in any engineering plant.Air compressor can be driven by the DG Set also,but it is very expensive option comparing to driven by electric motor.maximum plants used electric driven air compressor for compressed air purpose.It is also most important to know about electricals & instrumentations used in air compressor.If you have no

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-90450333809820234942008-06-23T09:55:00.002+05:302011-01-24T15:35:13.417+05:30

To Measure Average Velocity of Different Methods can be used in hydraulics engineering.Out of that Floats and Pitot Tube is already covered in earlier posts.In this post I will cover "Current Meter" which is used to Measure Average Velocity of Flow.This Average Velocity of Flow is required to Measure the River DischargeCurrent Meter:-It consist of a Wheel containing Blades or Cups which are

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-19707897821930033402008-06-22T16:47:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:36:11.729+05:30

For various purpose,the Measurement of River Discharge is required.It requires lot of Skill and the Accuracy.To Measure the Discharge of River,we require01)Area of Flow02)Average Velocity of Flow.With this Data we can CalculateDischarge=Area of Flow X Average Velocity of Flow.To Calculate Area of Flow,we can use following MethodsA)Simple Segment Method:-In this Method,the whole Width of River is

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-6748135931039758882008-06-22T08:49:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:36:55.714+05:30

In Hydro Electric Power Plant Water is used to generate Power by using some Hydraulic Machines.For the smooth operation of Power Plant some necessary arrangements are required,Surge Tank is one of them.The requirement of Surge Tank is due to some problems which occurred in Water Flow.First I will cover the possible problems in Flowing Water,these are,A)Water Hammer:-Due to Motion,Water possess

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-58484771022965061502008-06-21T21:23:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:38:06.149+05:30

Before entering into the details of the Hydraulic Coefficients,following definitions must be clearly understood by an engineering student.This will help you to better understand about following Hydraulic Coefficients.A)Jet of Water:-The Continuous Stream of Liquid,that comes out or flows out of an Orifice,is known as "Jet of Water".B)Vena Contracta:-When a Tank fitted with an Orifice,the Liquid

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-77654023032771030592008-06-21T14:05:00.002+05:302008-09-04T16:22:05.858+05:30

Bernoulli's Equation has widest application in Hydraulics and Applied Hydraulics.It is used for derivation of many Formula.In this post I will cover its Application on the following Hydraulic Devices.01)Venturimeter:-The Venturimeter is an apparatus,for finding out the Discharge of a Liquid Flowing through a pipe.Venturimeter has consist of three parts,A)Convergent Cone:-It is the short pipe

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-29054904515906316392008-06-21T08:56:00.001+05:302008-09-04T16:18:46.565+05:30

In Hydrodynamics the Motion of Liquid and the Forces causing Flow are covered.In this post,I will cover some topics of Hydrodynamics.Energy of a Liquid in Motion.Energy means the capacity to do work.Mainly three important Energy Forms are possessed by a Liquid,these are as follows.01)Potential Energy:-It is the Energy possessed by a Liquid particle,by virtue of its position.02)Kinetic Energy:-It

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A Mechanical gauge is best to measure High Fluid Pressure,where Tube Gauge cannot be conveniently used.The principle on which all Gauges work is almost same.Following three types of Gauges are more important from subject point of view.01)Bourdon's Tube Pressure Gauge:-The Bourdon's Tube Pressure Gauge is most suitable to measure the pressure of fluid,above or below the Atmosphere Pressure.In its

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-27514526731923047072008-06-20T08:22:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:40:50.699+05:30

The Hydrostatics Pressure is either utilised in the working of a Hydraulic Structure,or a Structure is checked to withstand the Hydrostatic Pressure exerted on it.That's why study of Hydrostatics is more important in engineering .In this post I will cover practical applications of Hydrostatics on the following Structures.01)Water Pressure on Sluice Gate:-To regulate the flow of Water,in the path

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We normally see,whenever a body is placed over a Liquid,either it sinks or floats on the Liquid.The body placed over the Liquid is subjected to the following two forces.01)Gravitational force.02)Upthrust of the Liquid.These two forces acts opposite to each other.If the Gravitational Force is more than the Upthrust of the Liquid,the Body will sink down,if the Gravitational Force is less than the

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The Principle of all the Pressure Measuring Devices are almost same,but for our convenient sake,we may divide it into following two types.01)TUBE GAUGE02)MECHANICAL GAUGEIn this post I will cover details about Tube Gauges.Tube Gauges to measure Fluid Pressure.The Device used to measuring Fluid Pressure,by the Gauges are,01)Piezometer Tube.02)Manometer.Details about Piezometer Tube.It is the

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-81185903514489861372008-06-18T22:17:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:43:04.783+05:30

The Intensity of Pressure at any point in a Fluid is the same in all direction,when it is at rest.01)Atmospheric Pressure:-It is established that the Air possesses some Weight and due to its Weight,Air must exert some Pressure on the Surface of the Earth.The Density of Air is different at different heights due to its property of Compressibility.The Density of Air has also vary from time to time

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Hydraulic Machines may be defined as that Branch of Engineering,which deals with the Machine run by Water under some head,or rising the Water to some higher level.The Properties of Water at rest and at motion:-01)Water keeps its surface level,at rest02)The Water exerts a uniform Pressure in all direction.03)The Velocity of Water,in a channel,is more at the centre than at the sides.04)The Velocity

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Many different terms are used in Internal Combustion Engines,the important terms which are connected with Internal Combustion Engines are covered in this post.These are follows.01)Bore:-The inside Diameter of the Cylinder is known as the Bore and it is measured in millimeter (mm).02)Stroke:-It is the distance travelled by the Piston from one of its dead centre position to the other dead centre

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The power available from compressed air can be used profitably in most industrial fields as a substitute forsteam,electricity or other force. compressed air saves time,cut costs & eases physical burdens.some typical uses of compressed air are described below.01) Acid & Chemical Industries :-Agitation process in liquids can be carried with much ease with the help of compressed air in acid & allied

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-21829226268780774192008-06-07T22:32:00.004+05:302011-01-24T15:45:25.344+05:30

To convert Heat energy into Mechanical energy,Internal combustion Engine or Steam Engine are used.Both are heat engines,but both Engines form two different classes of Machines.They are different in many ways,but following are the important differences in their operations.01)The working Temperature and Pressure inside the Internal combustion Engines are much higher than those in the Steam Engines

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-23197060837336775152008-06-07T07:17:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:46:00.420+05:30

In Internal combustion Engine various parts are used to perform it as a Machine,out of that Crankshaft is one of the most important part used in I.C. Engine.The construction and its details are as below.To convert Reciprocating motion of the Piston into Rotary motion,the Crankshaft and Connecting Rod combination is used.The Crankshaft which is made by Steel Forging or Casting is held on the Axis

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-50915892128502589302008-06-06T18:46:00.002+05:302011-01-24T15:46:34.647+05:30

The Air Compressor is manufactured by assembling of various components.All the parts are importantfor working of air compressor but one who is interested to learn about air compressor must familiar with below parts.01) Frame/Crankcase :-Totally enclosed,rigid cast iron body in square or rectangle shape.Bearing housing is fitted on crank case with accurately bored to fit Main Bearings so,

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Air Compressor will give the best performance when it is operated by due care taken.Every machine has its own requirment of starting and stopping.This is the machine which may run for several weeks without stopping or some times required to keep idle for many days or week.Every operator must have to know the routine stating and stopping of Air Compressor,to obtain best result from the

MechanicalGuruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05549133244177668163noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815281944433032152.post-83373258275070121792008-06-06T07:13:00.003+05:302011-01-24T15:47:57.733+05:30

Detonation means the sudden and violent knock experienced in a Petrol Engine,due to Anti-Ignition of a portion of the Fuel.The Octane Value of the Fuel will give us an idea of the tendency of the fuel to detonate.This is mainly important in Spark Ignition Engines.To find it out,two Fuels,the iso-octane and the normal Leptane are selected for this purpose under modern practise.The iso-Octane has

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Some heat is generated in Cylinder when Engine is in working condition.To keep Cylinder in cool condition Air or Water is used as Cooling Media.When the Engine is cooled by circulating water around Cylinder then the Engine is called 'Water Cooled Engine".If the Engine is kept idle (without use) for long time there is a possibility of freezing of water.This mostly happens in Winter.The water may

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If the Ignition in Internal Combustion Engines takes place at the end of Compression Stroke then the engine runs without knocks,with good efficiency.The Compression Ignition Engines are so design that the temperature at the end of the Compression is above the self-Ignition Temperature of Fuel. In this case,no spark plug as like in Spark Ignition required for Ignition.Basically Four methods are

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There are Four different methods by which Fuel may be Ignited in Internal Combustion (IC) Engines.In my earlier post,you have come to know about Comparison of Coil & Magneto Ignition Systems.That Systems are under Spark Ignition System,as like this another Three Systems are as,01)Hot Tube Ignition.02)Hot Combustion Chamber Ignition.03)Compression Ignition.We will see two Systems in this part and

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Proper fuel Injection in Engine is most important fact in any Diesel Engine.Mostly two methods are in use for Fuel Injection.01)Air Blast Injection:-This is old method which is obsolete now a days.In this method Air is Compressed at very high pressure by means of a Air Compressor.A blast of this Air is then injected carrying the Fuel along with it into the Cylinder.Due to varying Pressure of

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Mico Fuel injection System used for Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engines.The system consists of a Fuel Feed Pump and a Fuel Injection Pump which are integrated in one body.The Fuel Feed Pump sucks the Fuel Oil from the fuel tank which still contains Air bubbles and Vapour,then the Pump supply oil to filter unit for purifying it.The filter unit cleans the oil and further supply it to the Fuel injection

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